Omega-3 fatty acids are some of the most powerful nutrients you can add to your dog’s diet. They support everything from shiny coats and healthy skin to strong joints, a sharp brain, and a calm mood. But with so many options—fish oil, krill oil, algal oil, capsules, liquids, treats—it’s easy to get overwhelmed.

Let’s break down exactly how to choose the best omega-3 supplement for your dog, step-by-step, using the latest expert insights.  

1. Focus on EPA and DHA – Not Just Any Omega-3

Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of healthy fats that your dog (and you!) need for overall wellness. There are three main types of omega-3 fatty acids:

• ALA (Alpha-linolenic acid) – Found in plants like flaxseed and chia.
• EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) – Found in fish and marine sources.
• DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) – Also found in fish and marine sources. 

While ALA, EPA, and DHA are the three most well-known and important types of omega-3s, there are other lesser-known omega-3 fatty acids that also exist. However, these are less biologically significant for most health purposes and often aren’t included in supplements.

In summary, omega-3 is the general category. EPA and DHA are specific, high-impact members of that category. As such, when selecting an omega-3 supplement for your pup, look for one that clearly lists EPA and DHA amounts, and avoid vague labels that only say “omega-3s” without breakdowns.

2. Pick the Right Source for Your Dog

ALA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in plant-based oils like flaxseed and chia seeds. ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) needs to be converted to EPA and DHA by a dog's body before it can be fully utilized for its beneficial effects. However, in dogs, the conversion rate in dogs is low. Dogs (and cats) are not very efficient at converting ALA into their more beneficial forms EPA and DHA. Studies suggest that only a small percentage of ALA is converted, with estimates ranging from 1% to 10%. It's generally recommended to provide dogs with direct sources of EPA and DHA, such as fish oil, algal oil, or even certain types of fish in their diet.

And, when choosing a supplement, select one that is rich in EPA and DHA, the forms most effective for dogs. EPA and DHA are found more abundantly in marine sources like fish and algae.

Here are the most common (and beneficial) omega-3 sources for dogs:

Fish Oil

• Derived from fish like salmon, sardines, mackerel, anchovies, and hoki. 
• Rich in both EPA and DHA.
• Widely available and affordable.
• Be sure it's purified and formulated for dogs. 

Krill Oil

• Sourced from tiny crustaceans called krill.
• Omega-3s are in phospholipid form, which is easier for dogs to absorb.
• Some studies show krill oil can boost omega-3 levels more efficiently than fish oil at the same dose. 

Green-lipped Mussel Oil

• Extracted from mussels native to New Zealand.
• Contains EPA, DHA, and ETA (a rare omega-3 with powerful anti-inflammatory properties).
• Particularly helpful for joint health and arthritis.
• Also a natural source of glucosamine and chondroitin, which support joint cartilage.
• Great for dogs with mobility issues or those needing extra joint support. 

Algal Oil

• Made from marine algae (where fish get their omega-3s!).
• A clean, plant-based source of DHA (and sometimes EPA).
• Great for dogs with fish allergies or vegan households. 

Flaxseed

• Contain ALA, which isn’t efficiently used by dogs.
• Useful as a secondary source but not a replacement for EPA/DHA.
• In some cases, it is better to choose a flaxseed oil supplement that has added other omega-3 oils like fish oil, borage oil, or green-lipped mussel (GLM) oil for a stronger anti-inflamamtory effect. 

3. Check for Purity and Quality Testing

Because omega-3 oils come from fish, they may contain contaminants like heavy metals, PCBs, and dioxins if not properly purified.

Look for:

• Third-party testing or certification (such as IFOS or NSF).
• Product labels that say “molecularly distilled” or “purified”.
• If feeding canned sardines as an occasional treat, choose those in water and with no added salt or flavourings. 

4. Consider Extra Ingredients for Added Benefits

Some omega-3 supplements go beyond basic oils. Look for added nutrients like vitamin E which helps prevent oxidation of the oil and supports skin health, and other vitamins and antioxidants for added health support. Example: Fourflax Skin & Coat Nutritional Oil Supplement for Dogs does not contain only flaxseed oil. The supplement combines borage seed oil and black cumin seed oil for stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effect.

5. Consider The Different Types of Omega-3 Supplements

Omega-3 supplements for dogs come in several different forms, each with its own pros and cons. Choosing the right one depends on your dog’s needs, preferences, and how you plan to use the supplement.

Types of Omega-3 Supplements for Dogs

• Liquid Oil (Pump Bottle or Dropper)
• Softgels or capsules
• Chews or treats
• Powder 

The best form of omega-3 supplement depends on your dog’s preferences and how you feed them. Liquid oil is a popular option that can be added directly to your dog’s food. It offers the advantage of flexible dosing, making it suitable for dogs of all sizes. However, it can sometimes be messy or smelly, especially depending on the design of the pump or dropper. While the ability to control the amount is useful, it may also require measuring tools for accurate dosing, which can be inconvenient for some pet owners.

Softgels or capsules eliminates the mess and smell, but some dogs may not like the texture of the softgels or capsules. Omega-3 chews are the easiest to give as dogs see them as treats but chews typically contain lower omega-3 content per dose and may contain more fillers. Powder omega-3 is not so widely available. They are easy to store, no risk of leaking, and can be mixed into meals. Do take note that some dogs dislike powder textures, and like liquid oil, dosing can be less precise.

6. Get the Dosage Right

The right amount of omega-3 depends on your dog’s:

• Weight
• Age
• Current health issues 

Follow the product’s dosing instructions carefully and check with your veterinarian, especially if your dog is on medications or has health concerns like pancreatitis, blood clotting disorders, or allergies.

7. Special Considerations for Sensitive Dogs

Does your pup have a fish allergy? Is your household plant-based? You still have options:

• Algal oil is the best vegan alternative, rich in DHA and often EPA too.
• While flaxseed are less potent, they can still be helpful additions to boost overall omega intake. 

Omega-3 supplements can make a huge difference in your dog’s health, from softer fur to less itchy skin, calmer behaviour, and happier joints. But it’s important to:

• Pick the right source (marine-based is best).
• Ensure purity and proper form.
• Match dosage to your dog’s size and needs.
• Consult your vet for tailored advice.

Start with a trusted, high-quality product, observe how your dog responds, and adjust as needed. With the right omega-3s, you’re not just adding a supplement, you’re boosting your dog’s wellbeing from the inside out.

KATHERINE KHOO

Katherine is a Pet Nutrition Specialist and GDP’s Pet Wellness Advisor. She is committed to helping pet owners make informed dietary and lifestyle choices in nurturing healthy pets. Katherine is also a practicing Nutritional Therapist (human nutrition) and has been helping hundreds of clients to heal naturally with nutrients.