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Cataracts in dogs are a common eye condition characterised by the clouding of the lens inside the eye, leading to impaired vision or even blindness if left untreated. This cloudiness occurs when the protein structure of the lens is disrupted, preventing light from passing through clearly. While cataracts can occur in one or both eyes, their severity can vary, affecting a dog’s quality of life and ability to navigate their environment.
Several factors can contribute to the development of cataracts in dogs. These include:
Genetics
Many cases of canine cataracts are hereditary. Certain breeds such as Cocker Spaniels, Poodles, and Siberian Huskies are more prone to developing cataracts due to genetic predisposition.
Age
Age-related cataracts, also known as senile cataracts, are common in older dogs. As dogs age, changes in the lens structure can lead to the formation of cataracts.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cataracts in dogs. Elevated blood sugar levels can cause changes in the lens's metabolism, leading to cataract formation.
Trauma and Injury
Injuries to the eye, whether from physical trauma or infections, can result in cataracts. Damage to the lens can disrupt its clarity, causing cloudiness. Should a foreign body enter the eye, use a saline solution or a pet-friendly eye cleaning solution to gently flush the eyes of dirt and debris. Gently wipe away any discharge or debris from the corner of your dog’s eyes with a clean, soft cotton ball or eye wipes.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Lack of essential nutrients, particularly antioxidants, can make the eyes more susceptible to cataract development. A balanced diet is crucial in maintaining overall eye health.
Recognizing the signs of cataracts early can help in managing the condition more effectively. Symptoms to watch for include:
Cloudy Eyes
The most obvious sign of cataracts is a cloudy or opaque appearance in one or both eyes. This cloudiness can range from a faint haze to a dense white covering.
Changes in Vision
Dogs with cataracts may bump into furniture, have difficulty finding their toys, or become hesitant to move in unfamiliar environments. These changes in behaviour often indicate impaired vision that may be caused by cataracts.
Eye Irritation
Affected dogs might show signs of eye discomfort, such as redness, excessive blinking, or pawing at the eyes. These symptoms can indicate that the cataracts are causing irritation.
Behaviour Changes
Dogs with cataracts might become more anxious or clingy, particularly in dimly lit environments. They might also be less playful and more cautious in their movements.
The primary conventional treatment for cataracts is surgical removal. This cataract surgery is highly effective but can be costly and requires post-operative care. Your dog should be discharged 2-3 hours after surgery and post-operative medications may be required. Your dog may have stitches and might need a cone for a few days. With all surgeries, there can be complications with eye surgery. Some of these complications are severe and can cause discomfort while others can be easily treated if they’re caught early. And of course, cataract surgery isn’t cheap.
In immature cataracts, your vet may suggest a dog-friendly cataract eye drops. There was a study published in 2015 that highlighted the potential of lanosterol in reducing cataract severity. The study, conducted by researchers from China, was published in the journal Nature and demonstrated that lanosterol, a naturally occurring steroid, could help reverse the protein aggregation that leads to cataract formation. The researchers conducted experiments both in vitro (in the lab) and in vivo (in live animals). They found that lanosterol was effective in reducing the size and improving the clarity of cataracts in rabbits and dogs. The study suggested that lanosterol works by enhancing the solubility of crystallin proteins in the lens, thereby preventing and potentially reversing the aggregation that causes cataracts.
There are now companies offering lanosterol eye drops for dogs with cataracts including Lanomax®. Lanomax® is a cataract-dissolving lanosterol eye drop for pets and other animals. If you are looking for a non-invasive solution to slow down the progression of cataracts, you might want to ask your vet about lanosterol eye drops as a viable option.
While surgery is the primary conventional treatment, there are natural ways to manage the condition and potentially slow its progression. A holistic approach involving diet, herbs, and supplements can support eye health and overall well-being.
A well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet is crucial in managing cataracts and supporting eye health. You may want to include some of these eye-supporting foods to your dog’s diet:
Eggs
A rich source of vitamin A, lutein, and zeaxanthin, eggs help lower the risk of cataracts. Liver is another excellent source of vitamin A but do be careful not to overfeed liver. Liver is particularly high in vitamin A and feeding your dog too much liver can cause vitamin A toxicity.
Lean Meats
An excellent source of zinc, which supports eye health.
Green Leafy Vegetables
Broccoli, spinach and kale are loaded with phytonutrients essential for eye health. These greens are packed with lutein and zeaxanthin, antioxidants that protect the eyes from damage.
Foods Rich in Vitamin E
Spinach and wheat germ oil are excellent sources of vitamin E.
‘Orange’ Foods
Carrots and pumpkin are prime examples of carotene-rich foods that benefit eye health.
Blueberries and Cranberries
Rich in vitamins A and C, and packed with antioxidants anthocyanins which support eye health.
Fish
Fish such as salmon, sardines, and mackerel are a rich source of DHA and EPA, crucial for eye health. These anti-inflammatory fats help reduce inflammation and support cell health in the eyes.
Bell Peppers
Bell peppers, particularly red ones, are packed with vitamins A and C, which are essential for maintaining healthy eyes and preventing cataracts.
Please take note that while these foods are beneficial, they should be given in moderation to avoid digestive issues. As always, consult with your veterinarian before making any major changes to your dog’s diet to ensure it meets their specific nutritional needs. With a balanced diet rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids, you can help maintain your dog’s vision and overall eye health.
In addition to a healthy diet, specific eye supplements for dogs may help to manage cataracts naturally.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that protects the eyes from oxidative damage. A supplement can help ensure your dog gets an adequate amount to support eye health.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E works synergistically with vitamin C to protect eye tissues. It can be given as a supplement to support overall eye health and reduce cataract progression.
Zinc
Zinc plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy vision. It aids in the absorption of vitamin A and protects the eyes from oxidative damage. A zinc supplement can be beneficial for dogs with cataracts.
Omega-3 fatty acids
These essential fats are well known for their eye health benefits. Some omega-3 supplements like this K9 Natural Brain & Eye Health Oil (Flaxseed, Hoki, Blackcurrant Seed & Avocado) For Dogs is specially formulated to support your dog’s cognitive and eye health.
Bilberry
Bilberry is renowned for its eye health benefits. It contains anthocyanins, which improve blood circulation to the eyes and protect against oxidative damage. Bilberry supplements can be given to dogs to support their vision.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting eye health by neutralising harmful free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which can damage eye tissues and lead to various eye conditions, including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. A powerful blend of antioxidant-rich foods like this Four Leaf Rover (RED ROVER) Organic Berries Dog Supplements may reduce oxidative stress by neutralising free radicals and preventing the chain reactions that lead to cellular eye damage.
N-Acetylcarnosine (NAC) Eye Drops
NAC eye drops have been shown to help dissolve cataracts in some cases. These drops contain antioxidants that can penetrate the lens and reduce cloudiness. Please consult with a veterinarian for proper usage of these supplements.
Cataracts can greatly affect a dog’s vision and quality of life, but there are natural ways to manage the condition. A holistic approach, including a nutrient-rich diet and supplements, can support eye health and potentially slow cataract progression. Always consult with a veterinarian before introducing any new dietary changes or supplements to ensure your pet's safety and well-being. However, with proper care, dogs with cataracts can continue to live fulfilling lives.
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